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<title>COMMAND.COM</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">COMMAND.COM</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"COMMAND" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="Command_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Command (disambiguation)">Command</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">cmd.exe</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">COMMAND.COM</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><div class="infobox-caption">COMMAND.COM in <a href="Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">MS-DOS Prompt,<br>Windows Command Interpreter</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Seattle_Computer_Products" title="Seattle Computer Products">Seattle Computer Products</a>, <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="The_Software_Link" title="The Software Link">The Software Link</a>, <a href="Datalight" title="Datalight">Datalight</a>, <a href="Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a>, <a href="Caldera_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Caldera UK">Caldera</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">1980<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1980</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="X86" title="X86">x86</a> <a href="Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly language</a><sup id="cite_ref-Microsoft_COMMAND_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Microsoft_COMMAND-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="86-DOS" title="86-DOS">86-DOS</a></li><li><a href="MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a></li><li><a href="PC_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS">PC DOS</a></li><li><a href="DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS">DR-DOS</a></li><li><a href="SISNE_plus" title="SISNE plus">SISNE plus</a></li><li><a href="PTS-DOS" title="PTS-DOS">PTS-DOS</a></li><li><a href="ROM-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="ROM-DOS">ROM-DOS</a></li><li><a href="OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a></li><li><a href="Windows_9x" title="Windows 9x">Windows 9x</a></li><li><a href="Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> (<a href="NTVDM" class="mw-redirect" title="NTVDM">NTVDM</a>)</li><li><a href="FreeDOS" title="FreeDOS">FreeDOS</a></li><li><a href="MSX-DOS" title="MSX-DOS">MSX-DOS</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16-bit <a href="X86" title="X86">x86</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">cmd.exe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Command-line_interpreter" class="mw-redirect" title="Command-line interpreter">Command-line interpreter</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><code><b>COMMAND.COM</b></code> is the default <a href="Command-line_interpreter" class="mw-redirect" title="Command-line interpreter">command-line interpreter</a> for <a href="MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>, <a href="Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a>, <a href="Windows_98" title="Windows 98">Windows 98</a> and <a href="Windows_Me" title="Windows Me">Windows Me</a>. In the case of DOS, it is the default user interface as well. It has an additional role as the usual first program run after <a href="Booting" title="Booting">boot</a> (<a href="Init_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Init process">init process</a>). As a shell, COMMAND.COM has two distinct modes of operation: <a href="Read-eval-print_loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Read-eval-print loop">interactive mode</a> and <a href="Batch_processing" title="Batch processing">batch mode</a>. Internal commands are commands stored directly inside the COMMAND.COM <a href="Binary_file" title="Binary file">binary</a>; thus, they are always available, but can only be executed directly from the command interpreter.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>

<p>COMMAND.COM's successor on <a href="OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a> and <a href="Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> systems is <a href="Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">cmd.exe</a>, although COMMAND.COM is available in <a href="Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">virtual DOS machines</a> on <a href="IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> versions of those operating systems as well. The <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">

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</style><span class="monospaced">COMMAND.COM</span> filename was also used by <a href="Disk_Control_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk Control Program">Disk Control Program</a> (DCP), an MS-DOS derivative by the former East German <a href="VEB_Robotron" title="VEB Robotron">VEB Robotron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DCP_2016_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCP_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>COMMAND.COM is a DOS program. Programs launched from COMMAND.COM are DOS programs that use the <a href="DOS_API" title="DOS API">DOS API</a> to communicate with the disk operating system. The compatible command processor under <a href="FreeDOS" title="FreeDOS">FreeDOS</a> is sometimes also called <a href="FreeCom" class="mw-redirect" title="FreeCom">FreeCom</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operating_modes">Operating modes</h2></div>

<p>As a shell, COMMAND.COM has two distinct modes of operation. The first is <a href="Read-eval-print_loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Read-eval-print loop">interactive mode</a>, in which the user types commands which are then executed immediately. The second is <a href="Batch_processing" title="Batch processing">batch mode</a>, which executes a predefined sequence of commands stored as a text file with the <a href="Batch_file" title="Batch file">.BAT</a> extension.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internal_commands">Internal commands</h2></div>

<p>Internal commands are commands stored directly inside the COMMAND.COM binary. Thus, they are always available but can only be executed directly from the command interpreter.

</p><p>All commands are executed after the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">

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</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">↵ Enter</kbd> key is pressed at the end of the line. COMMAND.COM is not case-sensitive, meaning commands can be typed in any mixture of upper and lower case.

</p>

<dl><dt><a href="BREAK_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="BREAK (DOS command)">BREAK</a></dt>

<dd>Controls the handling of program interruption with <kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">C</kbd> or <kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Break</kbd>.</dd>

<dd>Displays or changes the current system <a href="Code_page" title="Code page">code page</a>.</dd>

<dt><a href="CHDIR" class="mw-redirect" title="CHDIR">CHDIR, CD</a></dt>

<dd>Changes the current <a href="Working_directory" title="Working directory">working directory</a> or displays the current directory.</dd>

<dd>Clears the screen.</dd>

<dd>Copies one file to another (if the destination file already exists, MS-DOS asks whether to replace it). (See also <a href="XCOPY" title="XCOPY">XCOPY</a>, an external command that could also copy directory trees).</dd>

<dd>Defines the device to use for input and output.</dd>

<dd>Display and set the date of the system.</dd>

<dt><a href="DEL_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DEL (command)">DEL, ERASE</a></dt>

<dd>Deletes a file. When used on a directory, deletes all files inside the directory only. In comparison, the external command <a href="DELTREE" title="DELTREE">DELTREE</a> deletes all subdirectories and files inside a directory as well as the directory itself.</dd>

<dd>Lists the files in the specified directory.</dd>

<dd>Toggles whether text is displayed (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr">ECHO ON</code>) or not (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr">ECHO OFF</code>). Also displays text on the screen (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr">ECHO text</code>).</dd>

<dd>Exits from COMMAND.COM and returns to the program which launched it.</dd>

<dt>LFNFOR</dt>

<dd>Enables or disables the return of <a href="Long_filename" title="Long filename">long filenames</a> by the FOR command. (<a href="Windows_9x" title="Windows 9x">Windows 9x</a>).</dd>

<dt><a href="LOADHIGH" title="LOADHIGH">LOADHIGH, LH</a></dt>

<dd>Loads a program into <a href="Upper_Memory_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Memory Area">upper memory</a> (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr">HILOAD</code> in <a href="DR_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="DR DOS">DR DOS</a>).</dd>

<dd>Enables external programs to perform low-level disk access to a volume. (<a href="MS-DOS_7.1" class="mw-redirect" title="MS-DOS 7.1">MS-DOS 7.1</a> and <a href="Windows_9x" title="Windows 9x">Windows 9x</a> only)</dd>

<dt><a href="MKDIR" class="mw-redirect" title="MKDIR">MKDIR, MD</a></dt>

<dd>Creates a new directory.</dd>

<dd>Displays or changes the value of the PATH <a href="Environment_variable" title="Environment variable">environment variable</a> which controls the places where COMMAND.COM will search for executable files.</dd>

<dt><a href="PROMPT_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="PROMPT (DOS command)">PROMPT</a></dt>

<dd>Displays or change the value of the PROMPT environment variable which controls the appearance of the prompt.</dd>

<dt><a href="REN_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="REN (command)">RENAME, REN</a></dt>

<dd>Renames a file or directory.</dd>

<dt><a href="RMDIR" class="mw-redirect" title="RMDIR">RMDIR, RD</a></dt>

<dd>Removes an empty directory.</dd>

<dd>Sets the value of an <a href="Environment_variable" title="Environment variable">environment variable</a>; without arguments, shows all defined environment variables.</dd>

<dd>Display and set the time of the system.</dd>

<dt><a href="TRUENAME" class="mw-redirect" title="TRUENAME">TRUENAME</a></dt>

<dd>Display the fully expanded physical name of a file, resolving <a href="ASSIGN_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASSIGN (DOS command)">ASSIGN</a>, <a href="JOIN_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="JOIN (DOS command)">JOIN</a> and <a href="SUBST" title="SUBST">SUBST</a> logical filesystem mappings.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd>

<dd>Display the content of a file on the console.</dd>

<dt>UNLOCK</dt>

<dd>Disables low-level disk access. (MS-DOS 7.1 and <a href="Windows_9x" title="Windows 9x">Windows 9x</a> only)</dd>

<dd>Displays the version of the <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>.</dd>

<dt><a href="VERIFY_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="VERIFY (DOS command)">VERIFY</a></dt>

<dd>Enable or disable verification of writing for files.</dd>

<dd>Shows information about a volume.</dd></dl>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batch_file_commands">Batch file commands</h3></div>

<p><a href="Control_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Control structure">Control structures</a> are mostly used inside batch files, although they can also be used interactively.<sup id="cite_ref-Caldera_1998_USER_CH7_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1998_USER_CH7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<dl><dt>:<i>label</i></dt>

<dd>Defines a target for GOTO.</dd>

<dd>Executes another batch file and returns to the old one and continues.</dd>

<dd>Iteration: repeats a command for each out of a specified set of files.</dd>

<dd>Moves execution to a specified label. Labels are specified at the beginning of a line, with a colon (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr">:likethis</code>).</dd>

<dd>Conditional statement, allows branching of the program execution.</dd>

<dt><a href="PAUSE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="PAUSE (DOS command)">PAUSE</a></dt>

<dd>Halts execution of the program and displays a message asking the user to press <a href="Any_key" title="Any key">any key</a> to continue.</dd>

<dd><a href="Comment_(computer_programming)" title="Comment (computer programming)">comment</a>: any text following this command is ignored.</dd>

<dt><a href="SHIFT_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="SHIFT (DOS command)">SHIFT</a></dt>

<dd>Replaces each of the <a href="Replacement_parameter" class="mw-redirect" title="Replacement parameter">replacement parameters</a> with the subsequent one (e.g. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr">%0</code> with <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr">%1</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr">%1</code> with <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr">%2</code>, etc.).</dd></dl>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IF_command">IF command</h4></div>

<p>On exit, all external commands submit a <a href="Return_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Return code">return code</a> (a value between 0 and 255) to the calling program. Most programs have a certain convention for their return codes (for instance, 0 for a successful execution).<sup id="cite_ref-Paul_1997_BATTIPS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_BATTIPS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FD_2003_Errorlevel_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FD_2003_Errorlevel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paul_2003_Exitcodes_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2003_Exitcodes-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Allen_2005_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen_2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>If a program was invoked by COMMAND.COM, the internal IF command with its ERRORLEVEL conditional can be used to test on error conditions of the last invoked external program.

</p><p>Under COMMAND.COM, internal commands do not establish a new value.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variables">Variables</h2></div>

<p>Batch files for COMMAND.COM can have four kinds of variables:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Environment_variable" title="Environment variable">Environment variables</a>: These have the <span class="monospaced">%VARIABLE%</span> form and are associated with values with the SET statement. Before DOS 3 COMMAND.COM will only expand environment variables in batch mode; that is, not interactively at the command prompt.</li>

<li><a href="Replacement_parameter" class="mw-redirect" title="Replacement parameter">Replacement parameters</a>: These have the form <span class="monospaced">%0</span>, <span class="monospaced">%1</span>...<span class="monospaced">%9</span>, and initially contain the command name and the first nine <a href="Command-line_parameter" class="mw-redirect" title="Command-line parameter">command-line parameters</a> passed to the script (e.g., if the invoking command was <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335663">

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</style><kbd class="mw-tmpl-kbd" style="letter-spacing:0.05em; padding-left:0.25em; padding-right:0.2em;">myscript.bat John Doe</kbd>, then <span class="monospaced">%0</span> is "myscript.bat", <span class="monospaced">%1</span> is "John" and <span class="monospaced">%2</span> is "Doe"). The parameters to the right of the ninth can be mapped into range by using the SHIFT statement.</li>

<li>Loop variables: Used in loops, they have the <span class="monospaced">%%a</span> format when run in batch files. These variables are defined solely within a specific FOR statement, and iterate over a certain set of values defined in that FOR statement.</li>

<li>Under <a href="Novell_DOS_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell DOS 7">Novell DOS 7</a>, <a href="OpenDOS_7.01" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDOS 7.01">OpenDOS 7.01</a>, <a href="DR-DOS_7.02" class="mw-redirect" title="DR-DOS 7.02">DR-DOS 7.02</a> and higher, COMMAND.COM also supports a number of <a href="System_information_variable" class="mw-redirect" title="System information variable">system information variables</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Caldera_1998_USER_CH7_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1998_USER_CH7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caldera_1998_USER_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caldera_1998_USER-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a feature earlier found in <a href="4DOS_3.00" class="mw-redirect" title="4DOS 3.00">4DOS 3.00</a> and higher<sup id="cite_ref-4DOS_8.00_HELP_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4DOS_8.00_HELP-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as in <a href="Multiuser_DOS" title="Multiuser DOS">Multiuser DOS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although most of the supported variable names differ.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Redirection,_piping,_and_chaining">Redirection, piping, and chaining</h2></div>

<p>Because DOS is a single-tasking operating system, <a href="Pipeline_(software)" title="Pipeline (software)">piping</a> is achieved by running commands sequentially, redirecting to and from a <a href="Temporary_file" title="Temporary file">temporary file</a>. COMMAND.COM makes no provision for redirecting the <a href="Standard_streams#Standard_error_(stderr)" title="Standard streams">standard error</a> channel.

</p>

<dl><dt><code><i>command</i> < <i>filename</i></code></dt>

<dd>Redirect <a href="Standard_streams#Standard_input_(stdin)" title="Standard streams">standard input</a> from a file or device</dd>

<dt><code><i>command</i> > <i>filename</i></code></dt>

<dd>Redirect <a href="Standard_streams#Standard_output_(stdout)" title="Standard streams">standard output</a>, overwriting target file if it exists.</dd>

<dt><code><i>command</i> >> <i>filename</i></code></dt>

<dd>Redirect <a href="Standard_streams#Standard_output_(stdout)" title="Standard streams">standard output</a>, appending to target file if it exists.</dd>

<dt><code><i>command1</i> | <i>command2</i></code></dt>

<dd>Pipe <a href="Standard_streams#Standard_output_(stdout)" title="Standard streams">standard output</a> from <i>command1</i> to <a href="Standard_streams#Standard_input_(stdin)" title="Standard streams">standard input</a> of <i>command2</i></dd>

<dt><code><i>command1</i> ¶ <i>command2</i></code></dt>

<dd>Commands separated by ASCII-20 (¶, invoked by <kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">T</kbd>) are executed in sequence (chaining of commands).<sup id="cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other words, first <i>command1</i> is executed until termination, then <i>command2</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is an undocumented feature in COMMAND.COM of <a href="MS-DOS_5.0" class="mw-redirect" title="MS-DOS 5.0">MS-DOS</a>/<a href="PC_DOS_5.0" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS 5.0">PC DOS 5.0</a> and higher.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also supported by COMMAND.COM of the Windows NT family as well as by DR-DOS 7.07. All versions of DR-DOS COMMAND.COM already supported a similar internal function utilizing an exclamation mark (!) instead (a feature originally derived from <a href="Concurrent_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS">Concurrent DOS</a> and <a href="Multiuser_DOS" title="Multiuser DOS">Multiuser DOS</a>) - in the single-user line this feature was only available internally (in built-in startup scripts like "!DATE!TIME") and indirectly through <a href="DOSKEY" title="DOSKEY">DOSKEY</a>'s $T parameter to avoid problems with ! as a valid filename character.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="4DOS" title="4DOS">4DOS</a> supports a configurable command line separator (<a href="4DOS.INI" class="mw-redirect" title="4DOS.INI">4DOS.INI</a> CommandSep= or SETDOS /C), which defaults to ^.<sup id="cite_ref-4DOS_8.00_HELP_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4DOS_8.00_HELP-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> COMMAND.COM in newer versions of Windows NT also supports an <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">&</code> separator for compatibility with the cmd syntax in OS/2 and the Windows NT family.<sup id="cite_ref-4DOS_8.00_HELP_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4DOS_8.00_HELP-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (cmd does not support the ¶ separator.)</dd></dl>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limitations">Limitations</h2></div>

<p>Generally, the command line length in interactive mode is limited to 126 characters.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul_1997_MSDOS_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_MSDOS-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paul_1997_4DOSTIP_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_4DOSTIP-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="MS-DOS_6.22" class="mw-redirect" title="MS-DOS 6.22">MS-DOS 6.22</a>, the command line length in interactive mode is limited to 127 characters.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div>

<ul><li>The message "Loading COMMAND.COM" can be seen on a <a href="Head-Up_Display" class="mw-redirect" title="Head-Up Display">HUD</a> view of the <a href="T-800" class="mw-redirect" title="T-800">Terminator</a> and the internal viewport of <a href="RoboCop" title="RoboCop">RoboCop</a> when he reboots.</li>

<li>In the animated children's TV series <i><a href="ReBoot" title="ReBoot">ReBoot</a></i>, which takes place inside computers, the leader of a system (the equivalent of a city) is called the COMMAND.COM.</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_DOS_commands" title="List of DOS commands">List of DOS commands</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_command_shells" title="Comparison of command shells">Comparison of command shells</a></li>

<li><a href="Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">cmd.exe</a> — command-line interpreter in various Windows and OS/2 systems</li>

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</style><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a href="IBMBIO.COM" title="IBMBIO.COM">IBMBIO.COM</a></li><li><a href="IO.SYS" title="IO.SYS">IO.SYS</a></li></ul></div> — starts the command processor as the first process</li>

<li><a href="SHELL_(CONFIG.SYS_directive)" class="mw-redirect" title="SHELL (CONFIG.SYS directive)">SHELL (CONFIG.SYS directive)</a> — to override default command processor</li>

<li><a href="COMSPEC_(environment_variable)" class="mw-redirect" title="COMSPEC (environment variable)">COMSPEC (environment variable)</a> — set by COMMAND.COM to reload transient portion of itself</li>

<li><a href="CMDLINE_(environment_variable)" class="mw-redirect" title="CMDLINE (environment variable)">CMDLINE (environment variable)</a> — set by COMMAND.COM to pass long command lines to external programs</li>

<li><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a href="4DOS" title="4DOS">4DOS</a></li><li><a href="NDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="NDOS">NDOS</a></li></ul></div> — third-party replacement command processors</li>

<li><a href="DOSSHELL" class="mw-redirect" title="DOSSHELL">DOSSHELL</a> / <a href="ViewMAX" title="ViewMAX">ViewMAX</a> — alternative DOS shells</li>

<li><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a href="Concurrent_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS">Concurrent DOS</a></li><li><a href="Multiuser_DOS" title="Multiuser DOS">Multiuser DOS</a></li><li><a href="REAL/32" class="mw-redirect" title="REAL/32">REAL/32</a></li></ul></div> — have similar command processors not named COMMAND.COM</li>

<li><a href="PC-MOS/386" title="PC-MOS/386">PC-MOS/386</a> — has a similar command processor also named COMMAND.COM</li>

<li><a href="Transient_Program_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Transient Program Area">Transient Program Area</a> — memory available for use either by the running application or the transient portion of COMMAND.COM</li>

<li><a href="SpartaDOS_X" title="SpartaDOS X">SpartaDOS X</a> — a similar implementation for Atari computers</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/microsoft/MS-DOS/blob/master/v2.0/source/COMMAND.ASM">"MS-DOS/COMMAND.ASM at master · microsoft/MS-DOS"</a>. <i>GitHub</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-DCP_2016-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DCP_2016_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKurthGroßHunger2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kurth, Rüdiger; Groß, Martin; Hunger, Henry (2016-11-29) [2007]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robotrontechnik.de/html/software/dcp.htm">"Betriebssystem DCP"</a>. <i>www.robotrontechnik.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403061152/http://www.robotrontechnik.de/html/software/dcp.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-04-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-28</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPaul1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul, Matthias R. (1997-07-30) [1994-05-01]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161104235829/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm"><i>NWDOS-TIPs — Tips & Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds</i></a>. Release 157 (in German) (3 ed.). MPDOSTIP. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm">the original</a> on 2016-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-06</span></span>.</cite> (NB. The provided link points to a HTML-converted version of the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">NWDOSTIP.TXT</code>, which is part of the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">MPDOSTIP.ZIP</code> collection.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152204/https://www.sac.sk/download/text/mpdostip.zip">[1]</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Caldera_1998_USER_CH7-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1998_USER_CH7_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1998_USER_CH7_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170911163945/http://www.drdos.net/documentation/usergeng/07ugch7.htm">"Chapter 7: Batch Processing"</a>. <i>Caldera DR-DOS 7.02 User Guide</i>. <a href="Caldera%2C_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Caldera, Inc.">Caldera, Inc.</a> 1998 [1993, 1997]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drdos.net/documentation/usergeng/07ugch7.htm">the original</a> on 2017-09-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-11</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Paul_1997_BATTIPS-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_BATTIPS_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPaul1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul, Matthias R. (1997-05-01) [1993-10-01]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antonis.de/dos/batchtut/battips/index.htm#7"><i>BATTIPs — Tips & Tricks zur Programmierung von Batchjobs</i></a> (in German). MPDOSTIP. Kapitel 7: ERRORLEVEL abfragen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170823191411/http://www.antonis.de/dos/batchtut/battips/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-08-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-23</span></span>.</cite> (NB. BATTIPS.TXT is part of MPDOSTIP.ZIP. The provided link points to an HTML-converted older version of the BATTIPS.TXT file.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152204/https://www.sac.sk/download/text/mpdostip.zip">[2]</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-FD_2003_Errorlevel-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FD_2003_Errorlevel_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAuerPaulHall2015" class="citation web cs1">Auer, Eric; Paul, Matthias R.; <a href="Jim_Hall_(computer_programmer)" title="Jim Hall (computer programmer)">Hall, Jim</a> (2015-12-24) [2003-12-31]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151224202118/http://www.freedos.org/technotes/technote/207.html">"MS-DOS errorlevels"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freedos.org/technotes/technote/207.html">the original</a> on 2015-12-24.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Paul_2003_Exitcodes-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2003_Exitcodes_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2003" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2003) [1997]. Auer, Eric (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20170911103337/https://www.auersoft.eu/soft/by-others/dos-exitcodes-en.html">"Exitcodes (errorlevels) of DOS utilities"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.auersoft.eu/soft/by-others/dos-exitcodes-en.html">the original</a> on 2017-09-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-11</span></span>.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.auersoft.eu/soft/by-others/dos-exitcodes-de.html">[3]</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Allen_2005-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allen_2005_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAllenAllen" class="citation web cs1">Allen, William; Allen, Linda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051029140802/http://www.allenware.com/mcsw/errorlevels.zip">"Windows 95/98/ME ERRORLEVELs"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allenware.com/mcsw/errorlevels.zip">the original</a> on 2005-10-29.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Caldera_1998_USER-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Caldera_1998_USER_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161104235434/http://www.drdos.net/documentation/usergeng/uglontoc.htm"><i>Caldera DR-DOS 7.02 User Guide</i></a>. <a href="Caldera%2C_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Caldera, Inc.">Caldera, Inc.</a> 1998 [1993, 1997]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drdos.net/documentation/usergeng/uglontoc.htm">the original</a> on 2016-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-10</span></span>.</cite></span>

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[...] Multiple Commands: You can type several commands on the same command line, separated by a caret [^]. For example, if you know you want to copy all of your .TXT files to drive A: and then run CHKDSK to be sure that drive A's file structure is in good shape, you could enter the following command: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-doscon mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="gp">C:\></span><span class="k">COPY</span> *.TXT A: <span class="se">^ </span>CHKDSK A:</code> You may put as many commands on the command line as you wish, as long as the total length of the command line does not exceed 511 characters. You can use multiple commands in aliases and batch files as well as at the command line. If you don't like using the default command separator, you can pick another character using the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">SETDOS /C</code> command or the CommandSep directive in <a href="4DOS.INI" class="mw-redirect" title="4DOS.INI">4DOS.INI</a>. [...] <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">SETDOS /C:</code> (Compound character) This option sets the character used for separating multiple commands on the same line. The default is the caret [^]. You cannot use any of the redirection characters [<>|], or the blank, tab, comma, or equal sign as the command separator. The command separator is saved by SETLOCAL and restored by ENDLOCAL. This example changes the separator to a tilde [~]: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-doscon mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="gp">C:\></span>SETDOS /C~</code> (You can specify either the character itself, or its ASCII code as a decimal number, or a hexadecimal number preceded by 0x.) [...] CommandSep = c (^): This is the character used to separate multiple commands on the same line. [...] Special Character Compatibility: If you use two or more of our products, or if you want to share aliases and batch files with users of different products, you need to be aware of the differences in three important characters: the Command Separator [...], the Escape Character [...], and the Parameter Character [...]. The default values of each of these characters in each product is shown in the following chart: [...] Product, Separator, Escape Parameter [...] 4DOS: ^, ↑, & [...] 4OS2, 4NT, Take Command: &, ^, $ [...] (The up-arrow [↑] represents the ASCII Ctrl-X character, numeric value 24.) [...]</p></blockquote><div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">— <cite id="CITEREFBrothersRawsonConnPaul2002" class="citation book cs1">Brothers, Hardin; <a href="Tom_Rawson" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Rawson">Rawson, Tom</a>; <a href="Rex_C._Conn" class="mw-redirect" title="Rex C. Conn">Conn, Rex C.</a>; Paul, Matthias R.; Dye, Charles E.; Georgiev, Luchezar I. (2002-02-27). <a href="4DOS_8.00" class="mw-redirect" title="4DOS 8.00"><i>4DOS 8.00 online help</i></a>.</cite></p></div></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Paul_1997_MSDOS-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_MSDOS_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPaul1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul, Matthias R. (1997-07-01) [1994-01-01]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/msdostip.htm"><i>MSDOSTIPs — Tips für den Umgang mit MS-DOS 5.0-7</i></a> (in German). MPDOSTIP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170822214030/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/msdostip.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-25</span></span>.</cite> (NB. MSDOSTIP.TXT is part of MPDOSTIP.ZIP, maintained up to 2001 and distributed on many sites at the time. The provided link points to a HTML-converted older version of the MSDOSTIP.TXT file.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152204/https://www.sac.sk/download/text/mpdostip.zip">[4]</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Paul_1997_4DOSTIP-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_4DOSTIP_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPaul1997" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul, Matthias R. (1997-05-01) [1995-03-01]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/4dostip.htm">"Hinweise zu JPSofts 4DOS 5.5b/c, 5.51, 5.52a und NDOS"</a>. <i>MPDOSTIP</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161104211143/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/4dostip.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-08</span></span>.</cite> (NB. The provided link points to a HTML-converted version of the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">4DOS5TIP.TXT</code> file, which is part of the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">MPDOSTIP.ZIP</code> collection.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152204/https://www.sac.sk/download/text/mpdostip.zip">[5]</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSchulmanBrownMaxeyMichels1994" class="citation book cs1">Schulman, Andrew; <a href="Ralf_D._Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralf D. Brown">Brown, Ralf D.</a>; Maxey, David; Michels, Raymond J.; Kyle, Jim (1994) [November 1993]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/undocumenteddosp00andr_0"><i>Undocumented DOS: A programmer's guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures - expanded to include MS-DOS 6, Novell DOS and Windows 3.1</i></a></span> (2 ed.). Reading, Massachusetts, US: <a href="Addison_Wesley" class="mw-redirect" title="Addison Wesley">Addison Wesley</a>. pp. 623, 626. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-201-63287-X</bdi>.</cite> (xviii+856+vi pages, 3.5"-floppy) Errata: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417215556/http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/user/ralf/pub/books/UndocumentedDOS/errata.ud2">[6]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417212906/https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/programming/Undocumented_DOS/#errata-2nd-edition">[7]</a></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

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</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:60%; ;">

<p>[...] all MS-DOS versions prior to Windows 95 [...] used a COM style COMMAND.COM file which has a special signature at the start of the file [...] queried by the MS-DOS BIOS before it loads the shell, but not by the DR-DOS BIOS [...] COMMAND.COM would [...] check that it is running on the "correct" DOS version, so if you would load their COMMAND.COM under DR-DOS, you would receive a "Bad version" error message and their COMMAND.COM would exit, so DR-DOS would [...] display an error message "Bad or missing command interpreter" (if DR-DOS was trying to load the SHELL= command processor after having finished CONFIG.SYS processing). In this case, you could enter the path to a valid DR-DOS COMMAND.COM (C:\DRDOS\COMMAND.COM) and everything was fine. Now, things have changed since MS-DOS 7.0 [...] COMMAND.COM has internally become an EXE style file, so there is no magic [...] signature [...] to check [...] thus no way for DR-DOS to rule out an incompatible COMMAND.COM. Further, their COMMAND.COM no longer does any version checks, but [...] does not work under DR-DOS [...] just crashes [...] the PC DOS COMMAND.COM works fine under DR-DOS [...]

</p>

</blockquote>

<div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><cite id="CITEREFPaul2004" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2004-06-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190428181749/https://fidonet.ozzmosis.com/echomail.php/alt_dos/e812a919c10339d0.html">"Re: Random Lockups with DR-DOS 7.03"</a>. <i><a href="FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a> conference: ALT_DOS</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fidonet.ozzmosis.com/echomail.php/alt_dos/e812a919c10339d0.html">the original</a> on 2019-04-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-28</span></span>.</cite></cite></div>

</div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFCooper2001" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Jim (2001). <i>Special Edition Using MS-DOS 6.22</i> (3 ed.). <a href="Que_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Que Publishing">Que Publishing</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-78972573-8</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWolverton1990" class="citation book cs1">Wolverton, Van (1990). <i>MS-DOS Commands: Microsoft Quick Reference</i> (4th revised ed.). <a href="Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Microsoft Press</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-55615289-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190501023329/http://www.delorie.com/opendos/archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos/2004/06/17/06:23:16">Archived</a> 2019-05-01 at <a href="Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190428182007/http://www.fybertech.com/misc/qwkview/qwkview.pl?conf=3010">Archived</a> 2019-04-28 at <a href="Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/microsoft/MS-DOS/blob/main/v4.0/src/CMD/COMMAND/COMMAND1.ASM">COMMAND1.ASM</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a> - Source code to COMMAND.COM version A067 released by Microsoft as part of MS-DOS 4.0</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/microsoft/MS-DOS/blob/master/v2.0/source/COMMAND.ASM">COMMAND.ASM</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a> – Source code to COMMAND.COM version 2.11 released by Microsoft as part of MS-DOS 2.0</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/microsoft/MS-DOS/blob/master/v1.25/source/COMMAND.ASM">COMMAND.ASM</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a> – Source code to COMMAND.COM version 1.17 released by Microsoft as part of MS-DOS 1.25</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/micro/pc-stuff/freedos/files/distributions/1.2/repos/pkg-html/command.html">FreeCom</a> – COMMAND.COM implementation of FreeDOS</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Microsoft_Windows_components875" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_Microsoft_Windows_components" title="List of Microsoft Windows components">Microsoft Windows components</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<li>Architecture

<li><a href="Booting_process_of_Windows" title="Booting process of Windows">Booting process</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_games_included_with_Windows" title="List of games included with Windows">Games</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Management<br>tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="App_Installer" title="App Installer">App Installer</a></li>

<li><a href="Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">Command Prompt</a></li>

<li><a href="Control_Panel_(Windows)" title="Control Panel (Windows)">Control Panel</a></li>

<li><a href="Device_Manager" title="Device Manager">Device Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectX_Diagnostic_Tool" title="DirectX Diagnostic Tool">DirectX Diagnostic Tool</a></li>

<li><a href="Disk_Cleanup" title="Disk Cleanup">Disk Cleanup</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Drive_Optimizer" title="Microsoft Drive Optimizer">Drive Optimizer</a></li>

<li><a href="Driver_Verifier" title="Driver Verifier">Driver Verifier</a></li>

<li><a href="Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">Event Viewer</a></li>

<li><a href="IExpress" title="IExpress">IExpress</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Management_Console" title="Microsoft Management Console">Management Console</a></li>

<li><a href="Netsh" title="Netsh">Netsh</a></li>

<li><a href="Performance_Monitor" title="Performance Monitor">Performance Monitor</a></li>

<li><a href="PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li>

<li><a href="Recovery_Console" title="Recovery Console">Recovery Console</a></li>

<li><a href="Resource_Monitor" title="Resource Monitor">Resource Monitor</a></li>

<li><a href="Settings_(Windows)" title="Settings (Windows)">Settings</a></li>

<li><a href="Sysprep" title="Sysprep">Sysprep</a></li>

<li><a href="MSConfig" title="MSConfig">System Configuration</a></li>

<li><a href="System_File_Checker" title="System File Checker">System File Checker</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Information_(Windows)" title="System Information (Windows)">System Information</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Policy_Editor" title="System Policy Editor">System Policy Editor</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Restore" title="System Restore">System Restore</a></li>

<li><a href="Task_Manager_(Windows)" title="Task Manager (Windows)">Task Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Windows Error Reporting</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Ink" title="Windows Ink">Windows Ink</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">Windows Installer</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Update" title="Windows Update">Windows Update</a>

<ul><li><a href="Windows_Insider" title="Windows Insider">Windows Insider</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Preinstallation_Environment#Windows_Recovery_Environment" title="Windows Preinstallation Environment">WinRE</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Application_software" title="Application software">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_3D_Viewer" title="Microsoft 3D Viewer">3D Viewer</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Calculator" title="Windows Calculator">Calculator</a></li>

<li><a href="Calendar_(Windows)" title="Calendar (Windows)">Calendar</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Camera" title="Windows Camera">Camera</a></li>

<li><a href="Character_Map_(Windows)" title="Character Map (Windows)">Character Map</a></li>

<li><a href="City_Art_Search" title="City Art Search">City Art Search</a></li>

<li><a href="Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Clock" title="Windows Clock">Clock</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Intune" title="Microsoft Intune">Company Portal</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Copilot" title="Microsoft Copilot">Copilot</a></li>

<li><a href="Feedback_Hub" title="Feedback Hub">Feedback Hub</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnifier_(Windows)" title="Magnifier (Windows)">Magnifier</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Media Player</a>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Messaging" title="Microsoft Messaging">Messaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Mobility_Center" title="Windows Mobility Center">Mobility Center</a></li>

<li><a href="MSN#MSN_Money_app" title="MSN">Money</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Movies_%26_TV" title="Microsoft Movies & TV">Movies & TV</a></li>

<li><a href="Narrator_(Windows)" title="Narrator (Windows)">Narrator</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Notepad" title="Windows Notepad">Notepad</a></li>

<li><a href="OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Paint" title="Microsoft Paint">Paint</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_PC_Manager" title="Microsoft PC Manager">PC Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="People_(Windows)" title="People (Windows)">People</a></li>

<li><a href="Phone_Link" title="Phone Link">Phone Link</a></li>

<li><a href="Photos_(Windows)" title="Photos (Windows)">Photos</a></li>

<li><a href="Quick_Assist" title="Quick Assist">Quick Assist</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Desktop_Connection" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Desktop Connection">Remote Desktop Connection</a></li>

<li><a href="Snipping_Tool" title="Snipping Tool">Snipping Tool</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Speech_Recognition" title="Windows Speech Recognition">Speech Recognition</a></li>

<li><a href="Sticky_Notes" title="Sticky Notes">Sticky Notes</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Store</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Terminal" title="Windows Terminal">Terminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Sound_Recorder_(Windows)" title="Sound Recorder (Windows)">Voice Recorder</a></li>

<li><a href="MSN#MSN_Weather_app" title="MSN">Weather</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Whiteboard" title="Microsoft Whiteboard">Whiteboard</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Remote_Desktop_Protocol_clients#Windows_App" title="List of Remote Desktop Protocol clients">Windows App</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Windows_shell" title="Windows shell">Shell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Action_Center" title="Action Center">Action Center</a></li>

<li><a href="AutoPlay" title="AutoPlay">AutoPlay</a></li>

<li><a href="AutoRun" title="AutoRun">AutoRun</a></li>

<li><a href="ClearType" title="ClearType">ClearType</a></li>

<li><a href="File_Explorer" title="File Explorer">Explorer</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Search" title="Windows Search">Search</a>

<ul><li><a href="IFilter" title="IFilter">IFilter</a></li>

<li><a href="Indexing_Service" title="Indexing Service">Indexing Service</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Shell_namespace" title="Windows Shell namespace">Namespace</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_folder#Windows" title="Virtual folder">Saved search</a></li>

<li><a href="Special_folder" title="Special folder">Special folder</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Start_menu" title="Start menu">Start menu</a></li>

<li><a href="Taskbar" title="Taskbar">Taskbar</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Spotlight" title="Windows Spotlight">Windows Spotlight</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_XP_visual_styles" title="Windows XP visual styles">Windows XP visual styles</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Windows_service" title="Windows service">Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Error Reporting</a></li>

<li><a href="Multimedia_Class_Scheduler_Service" title="Multimedia Class Scheduler Service">Multimedia Class Scheduler</a></li>

<li><a href="Service_Control_Manager" title="Service Control Manager">Service Control Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">Task Scheduler</a></li>

<li><a href="Wireless_Zero_Configuration" title="Wireless Zero Configuration">Wireless Zero Configuration</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="File_system" title="File system">File systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li>

<li><a href="NTFS_links" title="NTFS links">links</a></li>

<li><a href="NTFS_volume_mount_point" title="NTFS volume mount point">Mount Point</a></li>

<li><a href="NTFS_reparse_point" title="NTFS reparse point">Reparse point</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Active_Directory" title="Active Directory">Active Directory</a></li>

<li><a href="Active_Directory_Rights_Management_Services" title="Active Directory Rights Management Services">Active DRM Services</a></li>

<li><a href="File_Replication_Service" title="File Replication Service">DFS Replication</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Distributed_Transaction_Coordinator" title="Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator">Distributed Transaction Coordinator</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_domain" title="Windows domain">Domains</a></li>

<li><a href="Folder_redirection" title="Folder redirection">Folder redirection</a></li>

<li><a href="Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">Group Policy</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_Access_Protection" title="Network Access Protection">Network Access Protection</a></li>

<li>Print Services for UNIX</li>

<li><a href="Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Differential_Compression" title="Remote Differential Compression">Remote Differential Compression</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Installation_Services" title="Remote Installation Services">Remote Installation Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Roaming_user_profile" title="Roaming user profile">Roaming user profiles</a></li>

<li><a href="Server_Core" title="Server Core">Server Core</a></li>

<li><a href="SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_System_Resource_Manager" title="Windows System Resource Manager">System Resource Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Deployment_Services" title="Windows Deployment Services">Windows Deployment Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Media_Services" title="Windows Media Services">Windows Media Services</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_architecture" title="Software architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Windows_Boot_Manager" title="Windows Boot Manager">Boot Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Console</a></li>

<li><a href="Client/Server_Runtime_Subsystem" title="Client/Server Runtime Subsystem">CSRSS</a></li>

<li><a href="Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Enhanced_Write_Filter" title="Enhanced Write Filter">Enhanced Write Filter</a></li>

<li><a href="Graphics_Device_Interface" title="Graphics Device Interface">Graphics Device Interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Windows_library_files#Hardware_Abstraction_Layer" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Hardware Abstraction Layer</a></li>

<li><a href="I/O_request_packet" title="I/O request packet">I/O request packet</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Imaging_Format" title="Windows Imaging Format">Imaging Format</a></li>

<li><a href="Kernel_Transaction_Manager" title="Kernel Transaction Manager">Kernel Transaction Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Windows_library_files" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Library files</a></li>

<li><a href="Logical_Disk_Manager" title="Logical Disk Manager">Logical Disk Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Local_Security_Authority_Subsystem_Service" title="Local Security Authority Subsystem Service">LSASS</a></li>

<li><a href="MinWin" title="MinWin">MinWin</a></li>

<li><a href="NTLDR" title="NTLDR">NTLDR</a></li>

<li><a href="Ntoskrnl.exe" title="Ntoskrnl.exe">Ntoskrnl.exe</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_Manager" title="Object Manager">Object Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">Open XML Paper Specification</a></li>

<li><a href="Portable_Executable" title="Portable Executable">Portable Executable</a>

<li><a href="Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">Registry</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Resource_Protection" title="Windows Resource Protection">Resource Protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_Account_Manager" title="Security Account Manager">Security Account Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">Server Message Block</a></li>

<li><a href="Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Idle_Process" title="System Idle Process">System Idle Process</a></li>

<li><a href="Winlogon" title="Winlogon">Winlogon</a></li>

<li><a href="WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Security_and_Maintenance" title="Security and Maintenance">Security and Maintenance</a></li>

<li><a href="AppLocker" title="AppLocker">AppLocker</a></li>

<li><a href="BitLocker" title="BitLocker">BitLocker</a></li>

<li><a href="Credential_Guard" title="Credential Guard">Credential Guard</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_Execution_Prevention" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Execution Prevention">Data Execution Prevention</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Defender_Antivirus" title="Microsoft Defender Antivirus">Defender</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_family_features" title="Microsoft family features">Family features</a></li>

<li><a href="Kernel_Patch_Protection" title="Kernel Patch Protection">Kernel Patch Protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandatory_Integrity_Control" title="Mandatory Integrity Control">Mandatory Integrity Control</a></li>

<li><a href="Protected_Media_Path" title="Protected Media Path">Protected Media Path</a></li>

<li><a href="User_Account_Control" title="User Account Control">User Account Control</a></li>

<li><a href="User_Interface_Privilege_Isolation" title="User Interface Privilege Isolation">User Interface Privilege Isolation</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Firewall" title="Windows Firewall">Windows Firewall</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compatibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul>

<li><a href="Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="API" title="API">API</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Active_Scripting" title="Active Scripting">Active Scripting</a>

<ul><li><a href="JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li>

<li><a href="VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li>

<li><a href="ActiveX_Document" title="ActiveX Document">ActiveX Document</a></li>

<li><a href="COM_Structured_Storage" title="COM Structured Storage">COM Structured storage</a></li>

<li><a href="OLE_Automation" title="OLE Automation">OLE Automation</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Transaction_Server" title="Microsoft Transaction Server">Transaction Server</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Native_API" title="Windows Native API">Native</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_Windows_Platform" title="Universal Windows Platform">Universal Windows Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_API" title="Windows API">WinAPI</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Mixed_Reality" title="Windows Mixed Reality">Windows Mixed Reality</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Runtime" title="Windows Runtime">Windows Runtime</a></li>

<li><a href="WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Video_game" title="Video game">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Microsoft_Solitaire_Collection" title="Microsoft Solitaire Collection">Solitaire Collection</a></i></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Full_Tilt!_Pinball#3D_Pinball_for_Windows_–_Space_Cadet" title="Full Tilt! Pinball">3D Pinball</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Chess_Titans" title="Chess Titans">Chess Titans</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Microsoft_FreeCell" title="Microsoft FreeCell">FreeCell</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Microsoft_Hearts" title="Microsoft Hearts">Hearts</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="InkBall" title="InkBall">InkBall</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Purble_Place" title="Purble Place">Purble Place</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Microsoft_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Solitaire">Solitaire</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Microsoft_Spider_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Spider Solitaire">Spider Solitaire</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Microsoft_Tinker" title="Microsoft Tinker">Tinker</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ActiveMovie" title="ActiveMovie">ActiveMovie</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Address_Book" title="Windows Address Book">Address Book</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Anytime_Upgrade" title="Windows Anytime Upgrade">Anytime Upgrade</a></li>

<li><a href="Backup_and_Restore" title="Backup and Restore">Backup and Restore</a></li>

<li><a href="Cardfile" title="Cardfile">Cardfile</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_CardSpace" title="Windows CardSpace">CardSpace</a></li>

<li><a href="CD_Player_(Windows)" title="CD Player (Windows)">CD Player</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Contacts" title="Windows Contacts">Contacts</a></li>

<li><a href="Cortana_(virtual_assistant)" title="Cortana (virtual assistant)">Cortana</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Desktop_Gadgets" title="Windows Desktop Gadgets">Desktop Gadgets</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Diagnostics" title="Microsoft Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></li>

<li><a href="DriveSpace" title="DriveSpace">DriveSpace</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_DVD_Maker" title="Windows DVD Maker">DVD Maker</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Easy_Transfer" title="Windows Easy Transfer">Easy Transfer</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Edge_Legacy" title="Microsoft Edge Legacy">Edge Legacy</a></li>

<li><a href="MSN_Food_%26_Drink" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Food & Drink">Food & Drink</a></li>

<li><a href="Groove_Music" title="Groove Music">Groove Music</a></li>

<li><a href="MSN_Health_%26_Fitness" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Health & Fitness">Health & Fitness</a></li>

<li><a href="Help_and_Support_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Help and Support Center">Help and Support Center</a></li>

<li><a href="HyperACCESS" title="HyperACCESS">HyperTerminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Imaging_for_Windows" title="Imaging for Windows">Imaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Journal" title="Windows Journal">Journal</a></li>

<li><a href="Make_Compatible" title="Make Compatible">Make Compatible</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Media_Center" title="Windows Media Center">Media Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Meeting_Space" title="Windows Meeting Space">Meeting Space</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Messaging" title="Windows Messaging">Messaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Messenger" title="Windows Messenger">Messenger</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Mobile_Device_Center" title="Windows Mobile Device Center">Mobile Device Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Movie_Maker" title="Windows Movie Maker">Movie Maker</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_NetMeeting" title="Microsoft NetMeeting">NetMeeting</a></li>

<li><a href="NTBackup" title="NTBackup">NTBackup</a></li>

<li><a href="Outlook_Express" title="Outlook Express">Outlook Express</a></li>

<li><a href="Paint_3D" title="Paint 3D">Paint 3D</a></li>

<li><a href="Phone_Companion" title="Phone Companion">Phone Companion</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Photo_Gallery" title="Windows Photo Gallery">Photo Gallery</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Photo_Viewer" title="Windows Photo Viewer">Photo Viewer</a></li>

<li><a href="Program_Manager" title="Program Manager">Program Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a></li>

<li><a href="MSN#Discontinued_apps" title="MSN">Sports</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Start" title="Microsoft Start">Start</a></li>

<li><a href="Problem_Steps_Recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Problem Steps Recorder">Steps Recorder</a></li>

<li><a href="Syskey" title="Syskey">Syskey</a></li>

<li><a href="Travel_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel (Windows)">Travel</a></li>

<li><a href="WinHelp" title="WinHelp">WinHelp</a></li>

<li><a href="WordPad" title="WordPad">WordPad</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Write" title="Microsoft Write">Write</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Desktop_Cleanup_Wizard" title="Desktop Cleanup Wizard">Desktop Cleanup Wizard</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_File_Protection" title="Windows File Protection">File Protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Games_for_Windows" title="Games for Windows">Games for Windows</a></li>

<li><a href="Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_Control_Interface" title="Media Control Interface">Media Control Interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Next-Generation_Secure_Computing_Base" title="Next-Generation Secure Computing Base">Next-Generation Secure Computing Base</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_POSIX_subsystem" title="Microsoft POSIX subsystem">POSIX subsystem</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_ScanDisk" title="Microsoft ScanDisk">ScanDisk</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_for_Windows" title="Video for Windows">Video for Windows</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">Virtual DOS machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_on_Windows" title="Windows on Windows">Windows on Windows</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Services_for_UNIX" title="Windows Services for UNIX">Windows Services for UNIX</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_SideShow" title="Windows SideShow">Windows SideShow</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_System_Assessment_Tool" title="Windows System Assessment Tool">Windows System Assessment Tool</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_To_Go" title="Windows To Go">Windows To Go</a></li>

<li><a href="WinFS" title="WinFS">WinFS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spun off to<br><a href="Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Microsoft Store</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DVD_Player_(Windows)" title="DVD Player (Windows)">DVD Player</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_File_Manager" title="Windows File Manager">File Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Hover!" title="Hover!">Hover!</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Mahjong" title="Microsoft Mahjong">Mahjong</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Minesweeper" title="Microsoft Minesweeper">Minesweeper</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Windows_command-line_programs_and_shell_builtins413" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Windows_command-line_programs_and_shell_builtins413" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> <a href="Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line</a> programs and <a href="Shell_builtin" title="Shell builtin">shell builtins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ecosystem</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Command-line_interpreter" class="mw-redirect" title="Command-line interpreter">Interpreters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul>

<li><a href="Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">Command Prompt</a></li>

<li><a href="PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li>

<li><a href="Recovery_Console" title="Recovery Console">Recovery Console</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Terminal_emulator" title="Terminal emulator">Terminals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Windows Console</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Terminal" title="Windows Terminal">Windows Terminal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File system navigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cd_(command)" title="Cd (command)">cd</a> (chdir)</li>

<li><a href="Pushd_and_popd" title="Pushd and popd">pushd</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ATTRIB" title="ATTRIB">attrib</a></li>

<li><a href="Cacls" title="Cacls">cacls</a></li>

<li><a href="Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">cipher</a></li>

<li><a href="Compact_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact (computing)">compact</a></li>

<li><a href="Del_(command)" title="Del (command)">del</a> (erase)</li>

<li><a href="Deltree" class="mw-redirect" title="Deltree">deltree</a></li>

<li><a href="Cacls#icacls" title="Cacls">icacls</a></li>

<li><a href="Mkdir" title="Mkdir">mkdir</a> (md)</li>

<li><a href="Mklink" class="mw-redirect" title="Mklink">mklink</a></li>

<li><a href="Openfiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Openfiles">openfiles</a></li>

<li><a href="Recover_(command)" title="Recover (command)">recover</a></li>

<li><a href="Ren_(command)" title="Ren (command)">ren</a> (rename)</li>

<li><a href="Replace_(command)" title="Replace (command)">replace</a></li>

<li><a href="Rmdir" title="Rmdir">rmdir</a> (rd)</li>

<li><a href="Robocopy" title="Robocopy">robocopy</a></li>

<li><a href="Takeown" class="mw-redirect" title="Takeown">takeown</a></li>

<li><a href="XCOPY" title="XCOPY">xcopy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archiving</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">expand</a></li>

<li><a href="Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">extrac32</a></li>

<li><a href="Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">extract</a></li>

<li><a href="Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">makecab</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disk management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CHKDSK" title="CHKDSK">chkdsk</a></li>

<li><a href="Convert_(command)" title="Convert (command)">convert</a></li>

<li><a href="Disk_Defragmenter_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk Defragmenter (Windows)">defrag</a></li>

<li><a href="Diskcomp" title="Diskcomp">diskcomp</a></li>

<li><a href="Diskcopy" title="Diskcopy">diskcopy</a></li>

<li><a href="Diskpart" title="Diskpart">diskpart</a></li>

<li><a href="Diskraid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diskraid">diskraid</a></li>

<li><a href="Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">diskshadow</a></li>

<li><a href="Drvspace" class="mw-redirect" title="Drvspace">drvspace</a></li>

<li><a href="Fdisk" title="Fdisk">fdisk</a></li>

<li><a href="Format_(command)" title="Format (command)">format</a></li>

<li><a href="Fsutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Fsutil">fsutil</a></li>

<li><a href="Label_(command)" title="Label (command)">label</a></li>

<li><a href="BitLocker" title="BitLocker">manage-bde</a></li>

<li><a href="MSCDEX" title="MSCDEX">MSCDEX</a></li>

<li><a href="Refsutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Refsutil">refsutil</a></li>

<li><a href="SUBST" title="SUBST">subst</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_ScanDisk" title="Microsoft ScanDisk">scandisk</a></li>

<li><a href="Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">vssadmin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Runas" title="Runas">runas</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">schtasks</a></li>

<li><a href="Shutdown_(computing)" title="Shutdown (computing)">shutdown</a></li>

<li><a href="Start_(command)" title="Start (command)">start</a></li>

<li><a href="Taskkill" class="mw-redirect" title="Taskkill">taskkill</a></li>

<li><a href="Tasklist" title="Tasklist">tasklist</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Registry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="File_association" title="File association">assoc</a></li>

<li><a href="Ftype" title="Ftype">ftype</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Registry#Command_line_editing" title="Windows Registry">regini</a></li>

<li><a href="Regsvr32" title="Regsvr32">regsvr32</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">User environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Cmdkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Cmdkey">cmdkey</a></li>

<li><a href="Graftabl" class="mw-redirect" title="Graftabl">graftabl</a></li>

<li><a href="Setver" class="mw-redirect" title="Setver">setver</a></li>

<li><a href="Title_(command)" title="Title (command)">title</a></li>

<li><a href="Where_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Where (command)">where</a></li>

<li><a href="Whoami" title="Whoami">whoami</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File contents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Edlin" title="Edlin">edlin</a></li>

<li><a href="Findstr" title="Findstr">findstr</a></li>

<li><a href="PRINT_(command)" title="PRINT (command)">print</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">Scripting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Choice_(command)" title="Choice (command)">choice</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">cscript</a></li>

<li><a href="DOSKEY" title="DOSKEY">doskey</a></li>

<li><a href="Forfiles" title="Forfiles">forfiles</a></li>

<li><a href="Pause_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pause (command)">pause</a></li>

<li><a href="Command-line_interface#Command_prompt" title="Command-line interface">prompt</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeout_(computing)" title="Timeout (computing)">timeout</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Background_Intelligent_Transfer_Service" title="Background Intelligent Transfer Service">bitsadmin</a></li>

<li><a href="MAC_address" title="MAC address">getmac</a></li>

<li><a href="Hostname" title="Hostname">hostname</a></li>

<li><a href="Ipconfig" title="Ipconfig">ipconfig</a></li>

<li><a href="Nbtstat" class="mw-redirect" title="Nbtstat">nbtstat</a></li>

<li><a href="Netsh" title="Netsh">netsh</a></li>

<li><a href="Netstat" title="Netstat">netstat</a></li>

<li><a href="Nslookup" title="Nslookup">nslookup</a></li>

<li><a href="PathPing" title="PathPing">PathPing</a></li>

<li><a href="Rpcping" class="mw-redirect" title="Rpcping">rpcping</a></li>

<li><a href="Route_(command)" title="Route (command)">route</a></li>

<li><a href="Setspn" class="mw-redirect" title="Setspn">setspn</a></li>

<li><a href="Ssh-agent" title="Ssh-agent">ssh-agent</a></li>

<li><a href="Ssh-keygen" title="Ssh-keygen">ssh-keygen</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">ssh-keyscan</a></li>

<li><a href="Traceroute" title="Traceroute">tracert</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Remote_Management" title="Windows Remote Management">winrm</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Remote_Management" title="Windows Remote Management">winrs</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maintenance and care</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Auditpol" class="mw-redirect" title="Auditpol">auditpol</a></li>

<li><a href="Dispdiag" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispdiag">dispdiag</a></li>

<li><a href="Device_Manager#Driverquery_command" title="Device Manager">driverquery</a></li>

<li><a href="Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">eventcreate</a></li>

<li><a href="Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">eventtriggers</a></li>

<li><a href="Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">gpresult</a></li>

<li><a href="Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">gpupdate</a></li>

<li><a href="Logman" class="mw-redirect" title="Logman">logman</a></li>

<li><a href="Mofcomp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mofcomp">mofcomp</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">msiexec</a></li>

<li><a href="NTBackup" title="NTBackup">ntbackup</a></li>

<li><a href="Pentium_FDIV_bug#Software_patches" title="Pentium FDIV bug">pentnt</a></li>

<li><a href="Pnpunattend" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnpunattend">pnpunattend</a></li>

<li><a href="Pnputil" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnputil">pnputil</a></li>

<li><a href="REAgentC" class="mw-redirect" title="REAgentC">REAgentC</a></li>

<li><a href="Relog" class="mw-redirect" title="Relog">relog</a></li>

<li><a href="Sxstrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Sxstrace">sxstrace</a></li>

<li><a href="Systeminfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Systeminfo">systeminfo</a></li>

<li><a href="Tpmtool" class="mw-redirect" title="Tpmtool">tpmtool</a></li>

<li><a href="Tpmvscmgr" class="mw-redirect" title="Tpmvscmgr">tpmvscmgr</a></li>

<li><a href="Tracerpt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracerpt">tracerpt</a></li>

<li><a href="Typeperf" class="mw-redirect" title="Typeperf">typeperf</a></li>

<li><a href="WBAdmin" title="WBAdmin">WBAdmin</a></li>

<li><a href="Wecutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Wecutil">wecutil</a></li>

<li><a href="Wevtutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Wevtutil">wevtutil</a></li>

<li><a href="Winmgmt" class="mw-redirect" title="Winmgmt">winmgmt</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_System_Assessment_Tool" title="Windows System Assessment Tool">winsat</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boot management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bcdedit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bcdedit">bcdedit</a></li>

<li><a href="Bootcfg" title="Bootcfg">bootcfg</a></li>

<li><a href="Bootsect" class="mw-redirect" title="Bootsect">bootsect</a></li>

<li><a href="Fixboot" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixboot">fixboot</a></li>

<li><a href="Fixmbr" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixmbr">fixmbr</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_development" title="Software development">Software development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Break_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Break (command)">break</a></li>

<li><a href="Debug_(command)" title="Debug (command)">debug</a></li>

<li><a href="QBasic" title="QBasic">QBasic</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Dpath" title="Dpath">dpath</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_DOS_commands" title="List of DOS commands">List of DOS commands</a></li>

<li><a href="Environment_variable" title="Environment variable">Environment variables</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Support_Tools" title="Windows Support Tools">Windows Support Tools</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="DOS_system_files20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="DOS_system_files20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a> system files</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Boot order

<li><a href="MSDOS.SYS" title="MSDOS.SYS">MSDOS.SYS</a></li>

<li><a href="CONFIG.SYS" title="CONFIG.SYS">CONFIG.SYS</a></li>

<li><a href="AUTOEXEC.BAT" title="AUTOEXEC.BAT">AUTOEXEC.BAT</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_DOS_system_files" title="List of DOS system files">List of DOS system files</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-23" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=COMMAND.COM&oldid=1296962760">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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